La Belle Dame Sans Merci Essays - Gothic Fiction,

La Belle Dame Sans Merci John Keats is a great British poet. He has written many popular poems. La Belle Dame sans Merci is a ballad that was written in 1819. In this ballad, the knight is deceived by the woman he meets. He falls in love with this woman instantly and is convinced that she too is in love with him. The woman makes the knight fall for her by making herself beautiful. The woman deceives the knight into trusting her and then when she takes him to her cave, she breaks his heart by leaving him after the knight wakes up from a nightmare. The first stanza of this ballad describes the knight as being lonely in the wilderness. A Alone and palely loitering. @ The knight is alone and wandering around on his horse. A And no birds sing. @ In this sentence he describes his sadness because the singing of birds is associated with happiness and the birds are not singing. So haggard and so woe-begone? The squirrel=s granary is full, And the harvest=s done. In this quote the knight is troubled because everything is going as it is supposed to, the granary is full and the harvest is done. This is why the knight is also sad and roaming around on his horse. In the next stanza, the knight is described as exhausted in appearance and afflicted. "And on thy cheeks a fading rose fast withereth too." The colour of his skin is fading away, and he is dying. I met a lady in the meads Full beautiful - a faery=s child. Her hair was long, her foot was light, And her eyes were wild. In this stanza, the knight meets a woman in the meadows. He falls in love with her immediately. He describes her as being a small being with magic powers ( faery ). He makes a wreath of flowers to decorate her head and also he made her bracelets to show his love for her. He put the woman on his horse and watched her ride all day because the sight of her is so beautiful. She found me roots of relish sweet, And honey wild, and manna dew, And sure in language strange she said - A I love thee [emailprotected] The woman makes herself more enticing by giving him the Aroots of relish sweet, and honey wild, and manna [emailprotected] The woman wanted the knight to trust her more. The knight is convinced that the woman is also in love with him when she says A I love thee [emailprotected] When the knight describes the woman as being A a faery=s child @, he realizes that the woman has magical powers. She uses her magical powers to make the knight fall for her then she breaks his heart. The woman deceives the knight into trusting her. The woman doesn=t say what she means when she says A I love thee true @ because she says it in A language strange @. After, the woman took the knight into her enchanted cave where the woman cried. This is another way the woman is deceiving the knight. She is making the knight feel sorry for her. The knight comforts her with four kisses. The knight then trusts the woman enough to fall asleep. While the knight is sleeping, he describes a nightmare that he had. The kings and the princes are warning him of this woman. They tell him that he has been captured by this woman. AThey cried - La Belle Dame sans Merci Hath thee in [emailprotected] This quote says that the kings and princes are warning the knight that this woman is a beautiful woman without mercy. After he awakens from this nightmare, he fins himself alone on the hill side. This is why the knight is sad, alone and wandering. The woman sees the knight as a perfect victim because the knight is alone, sad and wandering aimlessly in this poem. The knight is sad because everything is going the way it is supposed to go. The squirrel's granary is full and the harvest is done. The woman uses her magical powers to deceive the knight. She is successful in making the knight fall for her. She makes herself more enticing by giving the relish, honey and manna dew to the knight. She takes the knight to her cave and puts him to sleep. When the knight wakes up from his nightmare, he sees that she has left

Free Essays on Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An

Aristotle conceived of three appeals for existence: ethos, pathos and logos, all of which are prevalent in all forms of writing, entertainment, speech, and generally life itself. Fredrick Douglass used all three appeals in writing his narrative as part of his rhetorical strategy to enlighten the public of both his life and his cause more than one hundred years ago. He specifically uses ethos, or persona, in three ways: to identify himself to the reader, to provide to the credibility of his statement and to evoke a need for change through his writing style. Fredrick Douglass grows from a slave boy to a freed man throughout Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave and he uses this transition and identity to provide an outlet to which the reader can identify. Douglass first produces this with the absence of dates. Slaves were kept â€Å"ignorant† as to the facts of the real world, sometimes not even knowing the year of their birth, preventing the knowledge of a captive’s true age. A birthday is something with which people can identify, as they are a celebrated part of our culture, especially to youth. Douglass here identifies himself as a human being almost lacking what we may consider a normal childhood simply through the use of dates. These are very important to our culture, counting down the days until your birthday, until Christmas. We identify ourselves by the dates which surround the events of our lives. Part of our identity is formed from dates and this was a privilege he was denied. He is, however, eventually provided a window of opportunity in many to not only learn dates, but gain a general feel for knowledge as well. When the open door of learning that his mistress provided was permanently closed, he says, "it was a new and special revelation, explaining dark and mysterious things, with which my youthful understanding had struggled, but struggled in vain.... Free Essays on Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An Free Essays on Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An Aristotle conceived of three appeals for existence: ethos, pathos and logos, all of which are prevalent in all forms of writing, entertainment, speech, and generally life itself. Fredrick Douglass used all three appeals in writing his narrative as part of his rhetorical strategy to enlighten the public of both his life and his cause more than one hundred years ago. He specifically uses ethos, or persona, in three ways: to identify himself to the reader, to provide to the credibility of his statement and to evoke a need for change through his writing style. Fredrick Douglass grows from a slave boy to a freed man throughout Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, an American Slave and he uses this transition and identity to provide an outlet to which the reader can identify. Douglass first produces this with the absence of dates. Slaves were kept â€Å"ignorant† as to the facts of the real world, sometimes not even knowing the year of their birth, preventing the knowledge of a captive’s true age. A birthday is something with which people can identify, as they are a celebrated part of our culture, especially to youth. Douglass here identifies himself as a human being almost lacking what we may consider a normal childhood simply through the use of dates. These are very important to our culture, counting down the days until your birthday, until Christmas. We identify ourselves by the dates which surround the events of our lives. Part of our identity is formed from dates and this was a privilege he was denied. He is, however, eventually provided a window of opportunity in many to not only learn dates, but gain a general feel for knowledge as well. When the open door of learning that his mistress provided was permanently closed, he says, "it was a new and special revelation, explaining dark and mysterious things, with which my youthful understanding had struggled, but struggled in vain....

Sociology of Work and Industry

Sociology of Work and Industry No matter what society one lives in, all human beings depend on systems of production to survive. For people in all societies, productive activity, or work, makes up the largest part of their lives- it takes up more time than any other single type of behavior. Defining Work Work, in sociology, is defined as the carrying out of tasks, which involves the expenditure of mental and physical effort, and its objective is the production of goods and services that cater to human needs. An occupation, or job, is work that is done in exchange for a regular wage or salary. In all cultures, work is the basis of the economy or economic system. The economic system for any given culture is made up of the institutions that provide for the production and distribution of goods and services. These institutions may vary from culture to culture, particularly in traditional societies versus modern societies. In traditional cultures, food gathering and food production is the type of work occupied by the majority of the population. In larger traditional societies, carpentry, stonemasonry, and shipbuilding are also prominent. In modern societies where industrial development exists, people work in a much wider variety of occupations. Sociological Theory The study of work, industry, and economic institutions is a major part of sociology because the economy influences all other parts of society and therefore social reproduction in general. It doesn’t matter if we are talking about a hunter-gatherer society, pastoral society, agricultural society, or industrial society; all are centered around an economic system that affects all parts of society, not just personal identities and daily activities. Work is closely intertwined with social structures, social processes, and especially social inequality. The sociology of work goes back to the classical sociological theorists. Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber all considered the analysis of modern work to be central to the field of sociology. Marx was the first social theorist to really examine the conditions of work in factories that were popping up during the industrial revolution, looking at how the transition from independent craftwork to working for a boss in a factory resulted in alienation and deskilling. Durkheim, on the other hand, was concerned with how societies achieved stability through norms, customs, and traditions as work and industry changed during the industrial revolution. Weber focused on the development of new types of authority that emerged in modern bureaucratic organizations. Important Research Many studies in the sociology of work are comparative. For instance, researchers might look at differences in employment and organizational forms across societies as well as across time. Why, for example, do Americans work on average more than 400 hours more per year than those in the Netherlands while South Koreans work more than 700 hours more per year than Americans? Another big topic often studied in the sociology of work is how work is tied to social inequality. For instance, sociologists might look at racial and gender discrimination in the workplace. At the macro level of analysis, sociologists are interested in studying things such as occupational structure, the United States and global economies, and how changes in technology lead to changes in demographics. At the micro level of analysis, sociologists look at topics such as the demands that the workplace and occupations place on workers’ sense of self and identity, and the influence of work on families. References Giddens, A. (1991) Introduction to Sociology. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Company. Vidal, M. (2011). The Sociology of Work. Accessed March 2012 from everydaysociologyblog.com/2011/11/the-sociology-of-work.html

Seminar in criminology classmate response 7 Essay

Seminar in criminology classmate response 7 - Essay Example I had a hard time understanding the connection between the authors of the article that Gaitan references and other names such as â€Å"Cassia Spohn and Jerry Cederblom†. In my opinion, it is not clear whether these are the authors of another article or researchers that are mentioned in Kalven and Zeisel’s article. Gaitan has also not provided the reader with enough information on how people from minority groups get sentenced to death. Gaitan has only mentioned the sentencing trends of African-Americans but there is no information on the sentencing trends of other minority groups in America. In my view, Gaitan should have also mentioned about the other sentencing trends of other minority groups, such as Asians, Arabs, Native-Americans and Mexican-Americans among others. In my view, this would have made a better representation of minority groups and how the judges made their decisions regarding each group. Gaitan has also mentioned that another study conducted by Larry Hembroff and James Unnever had similar results. In my opinion, it was also difficult to tell whether these were researchers in the article by Kalven and Zeisel (1996), or authors of a new article. Kalven, H., & Zeisel, H. (1966). The American jury. In A. Thistlethwaite & J. Wooldredge (Eds.), Forty Studies that Changed Criminal Justice: Explorations into the History of Criminal Justice Research (pp. 183-190). Boston: Little, Brown &

Jazz by Toni Morrison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Jazz by Toni Morrison - Essay Example Morrison is also called a historian because she writes about the African-American life long experience happened with them in American history temporally and spatially. She also depicts African-American female characters as heroes in most of her novels. Even, it is commented that she has proved herself a hero for all Americans because of her marvelous writings. Morrison experienced many tragedies in 1993. Her mother died and her home in Grand View-on-Hudson, New York, was destroyed by a fire. She also experienced a great honor when she received the Nobel Peace Prize in Literature in that same year. She was the eighth woman and the first black woman to receive this ("Morrison, Toni" 2) "Morrison's enduring popularity, somewhat rare for a novelist of such high literary stature, became evident in 1996, when Song of Solomon resurfaced on bestseller lists after a push from one of Morrison's more powerful fans, the talk-show host and one-woman media empire Oprah Winfrey, who also starred in the 1998 film version of Beloved" ("Morrison, Toni" 2). After graduating from college, Morrison went on to teach English. She eventually married and started a family. She continued teaching while taking care of her family. All of her novels are woven with many themes. She communicates the sense of loss that African-Americans experienced after the end of slavery. Often Morrison's characters struggle and fail to find their true selves. They seem disconnected from their community and past. Ancestry is also evidently important to Morrison and she believes that it is characteristic of black writing. Morrison is constantly placing her characters in extreme situations that we think human beings cannot bear. These extreme conditions show their true nature. She weaves several other messages throughout her novels. She believes that to be free, one must take risks. Morrison does not advocate irresponsibility. She believes in being responsible for one's choices. She also believes that innocenc e has to be lost in order for the person to grow. The Setting of Jazz The setting of Jazz is in Harlem during the 1920s. This was a place of promise of a better life for Black Americans, which turns to disappointment for most when they get there. The city was full of excitement, chaos and energy. There were Jazz Clubs everywhere and music all the time ("Editorial Reviews" 1). The story begins with Dorcas' funeral. Violet has just tried to slash the dead girl's face with a knife. Her husband Joe had been having an affair with Dorcas and shot her after she rejected him. The overall atmosphere is bittersweet. The story is not written in a chronological order. It goes from the present, back to the past when Dorcas was still alive and back to the present again. It is written in different points of view that when put together tells a bigger story. The story is written in third person and the narrator has omniscient knowledge. (Treherne, 208) The narrator tells not only what is in the char acter's mind, but also what is going on outside of them. The narrator at times seems to not have any more control over the story than the reader. The major themes in the novel are youth versus age, music and memory. Youth versus age is one of the central themes. The main relationship in the novel is between "Joe Trace, a fifty year old man, and Dorcas, who is in her late teens" ("Jazz Major Themes" 1). Dorcas becomes a symbol of youth throughout the

Tomb Brion Carlo Scarpa Essay Example for Free

Tomb Brion Carlo Scarpa Essay The Brion family bought the 68m2 strip of land, in the cemetery of San Vito d’Alitvole. Later when he died, this plot was extended into an L-shaped plot of land 2200 square metres. Scarpa had â€Å"found his Pyramid† after being commissioned, It took ten years to construct and in the process Scarpa drew 1200 drawings for the Tomb. (Carlo Scarpa – a Profile, 1996) POETIC ARCHITECTURE By paying close attention to detail and considering his designs from every perspective possible, Scarpa has created a tomb with magical and transporting qualities. From reading and seeing images of the architecture, it feels like Scarpa has created a living, breathing, growing form; crafted by using a continuous architectural language. Sculpted from his knowledge and experience of Italian views on life and death, Christian faith and a respect for cultural traditions of the Orient. Combined, they have come together to create a poetic masterpiece. Using his understanding of nature, human senses and materials Scarpa’s â€Å"tapestry woven from countless myths; like human memory, without beginning and without end† (Saito, 1997, p. 16) is realised. WALL The site has a 230cm wall built around the site, which slopes to a 60-degree angle, which the inner site has been raised by 70cm and covered with grass. This limits the view of the observer, taking them away from the mundane sights of the village, creating seclusion. It’s an internal space that represents the joining of the living and the dead world. This theme runs through all of Scarpa’s architecture. Ennio asked Scarpa to make one area of the wall lower; this can be found on the left-hand side of the entrance wing, this was one of only two things that the Brion family asked to have changed about the design. In an interview with Mr. Ennio Brion, the son of the Brion’s explains: â€Å"We had chosen this site because my father wanted to be buried along with his fellow towns-people and having such a high wall between them would have created too strong a separation† (Saito, 1997, p. 152). CIRCLES Circles are found all over Scarpa’s designs. The intersecting circle at the entrance wing is a thought provoking sign as you enter the space it acts as acts as an intermediate passage before entering the ‘new dimension’. The symbolism of a circle is evocative to any culture; it brings interpretations of unity, infinity and continuity, all of which relate to the site and its purpose. The circlular form is also used as ‘nodes’ at the ends of many of the axis. They work like a ‘node’ found in biology when a new leaf grows from a stem creating a transitional point. Visually, Phillip Smith from (O2 Landscapes, 2013) suggests that they present a sense of renewed or redirected sense of vitality to the audience as the energy moves through the water system. VEGETATION The vegetation has been meticulously thought out to be evocative, to flood the senses with sight and smells to trigger sensations. In contrast with the solidity of the architecture, the vegetation is there to compliment the passing of time (Lanscape Australia, 1991). He demonstrated this in minute detail through drawings, how the passing of time will change the face of the site (Saito, 1997) The project challenged him to consider the human soul, challenged him to consider how to cater for the dead and how he could keep the memories of the dead alive in their final resting place. (Saito, 1997). What has emerged is architecture as almost a living, breathing, growing personification of a world that is there, but not at the same time. LIGHT The play of light and shadow is one way in which going there allows people to capture a new experience each time. The light is said to â€Å"change every instant,† and, is at times, â€Å"shocking† (Saito, 1997, p. 19) for visitors. The key feature to this is due to the orientation of the 60m2 chapel. Turned to a 45 degree angle on the east-west axis, the orientation takes the full advantage of light coming from all sides, at any point of the day or year. Using apertures in the walls (Saito, 1997) to let the light in, Scarpa creates a world of ever-changing patterns and intensities of light within the chapel. All these qualities vary depending to season but are planned in detail. For example, the light from one of these apertures in different season causes the shadow to make one, long belt and whereas in the summer it casts a thin x-shape. What really creates the poetry however is how Scarpa take tools such as light, stone and water and through craft, brings its soul to the surface. By thinly slicing onyx and allowing the light to shine through it the soft and delicate patters are amplified by illuminating the space. The double windows located at the back of the altar extend down to floor level allow tiny particles of light enhanced by the moisture from the pool below, to dance around the altar (Saito, 1997). The pavilion is there so the souls of the dead can use it as a canopy to meditate under. (Saito, 1997). An architect would usually cater only for the human experience, Scarpa has looked beyond this, catering for the concept of a cemetery. The zigzag pattern is a dominating feature of the site, acting as a method to show the texture of the material whilst eliminating the cruder side of it, a sequence of refining. He turns it into a new material with new and different qualities. Scarpa paid particular attention into moulding the concrete into a texture resembling tree bark. The zigzags also allow light diffuse and create shadows. He uses these uneven zigzags under the pools of water. In some cases he uses hem to bring out the colours and create interplay of light and shadows and in other incidences, like by the pavilion, the zigzags create the impression that is floating on the water. (Saito, 1997) TOMBS The final resting place of the Brion family is the Tomb. The sepulchres contrast in colour creating a buoyancy effect between the black and white materials. The bases are made from Carrera marble, whereas the upper part is sculpted from slabs of dark brown granite. This effect gives a floating impression, where tilt int o another at a 22. -degree angle, symbolising inclusion and unity. The Floating effect was to be further implied by using water, akin to Scarpa’s earlier works. However, the Brion family felt it too pretentious in context. They meant for the chapel for the entire village, though in reality the dominance of Scarpa’s architectural vision has changed this. Scarpa died just after the site’s completion in 1978 and in accordance to his wishes he was buried here. He is buried in a standing up position (Mimoa, 2009). Before his death he was quoted as saying, I would like to explain the Tomb Brion. I consider this work, if you permit me, to be rather good and which will get better over time. I have tried to put some poetic imagination into it, though not in order to create poetic architecture but to make a certain kind of architecture that could emanate a sense of formal poetry. The place for the dead is a garden. I wanted to show some ways in which you could approach de ath in a social and civic way; and further what meaning there was in death, in the ephemerality of life other than these shoe-boxes. (Mimoa, 2009)

The Color Of Water by James Mc Bride Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Black Power†, the word alone raises an abundance of controversial issues. Black power was a civil rights movement led by the black panthers which addressed several issues including segregation and racism. Black power had a different meaning to every member of the Mc Bride family, Ruth and James both looked at black power from a different angle. In â€Å"The Color of Water†, The author James Mc Bride admired the black panthers at first, but slowly he grew afraid of them after fearing the consequences his mother might face for being a white woman in a black community influenced by black power. James’ worries were baseless, black power’s motive was to educate and improve African American communities not to create havoc or to harm members of the white community. There was a time in James’ life when he was thrilled to see member’s of the black panther. James’ states â€Å"But our favorite was a gleaming black, souped-up GTO with the words â€Å"Black Power† written in smooth white script across the hood and top†(26). James admired the owner of that car, He wanted black culture to be carried out and he seemingly loved â€Å"dap†, the black panther’s handshake. The media assured their viewers that the black panthers were a threat to whites anywhere ,Which planted a seed of fear in James’ mind. James was so afraid that he wouldn’t be able to sleep till his mother was home(33). James would sometimes find himself in situations where people would call his mother names for no apparent reason other than ...

Criminal Justice organizational trends Essay

The criminal justice system has gone through many changes throughout the past decades. Throughout its journey the criminal justice system has been reformed numerous times striving to perfect its process. Because of the numerous changes to the format it has been expanded and is unrecognizable from the days when crude management and organizational theories were first developed and conceived. In this document I will compare the use of privatization, e-corporation, and militarization of criminal justice organizations with current organizational structures, historical and traditional organizational behavior theories, and explain how theories of motivation affect criminal justice organizations. What is an organization and its purpose? The purpose of an organization is to combine its resources, and maximize its manpower in the best possible fashion so that organization can get the desired results with maximum efficiency. After years of trial and error the criminal justice system has adapted its thought process and embraced commercialization and privatization of its core. Throughout the years the criminal justice system has heard the voice of the community and the peoples cry for justice due to the lack of personal responsibility taken by criminal justice professionals from inefficient community policing to corrupt law enforcement. Because the government has heard the overwhelming concern for its criminal justice departments they have allowed privatized companies to spearhead the proceedings. There has been an influx and privately owned law enforcement companies and agencies. Private law enforcement professionals are estimated to outnumber public servants 3 to 1. Research has shown that privatization of criminal justice is an effective way of reducing cost and recidivism. Government agencies are able to contract privatized correctional facility, policing agencies and other forms of  criminal justice. The government’s main reason for contracting with privatized organization is to efficiently manage their resources and maximize their efficiency. This consists of our government contracting with private police organizations who are held responsible for CSI work, parking enforcement, communications, accounting, maintenance, investigation background checks and etc. a bigger aspect of what our government privatizing law enforcement today is in our correctional facilities. Within these facilities every aspect of a correctional facility is controlled by the private company who holds the government contracts. Every aspect of the facility is outsourced to these private companies from maintenance to vocational training. Militarization is the use of force for the effective ruling of a population. Not only is a force used to resolve policy issues, but also to control the people (Simpson, 2009). Using this definition the police may gain a status of power. This power is perceived by society at a cost because this method of power defies humane rights, democracy, and law mechanisms. If the government was to utilize the militarization control society would have a hard time accepting such violations of their civil right. The use of militarization in the criminal justice field would have a negative effect. Militarization would undermine women’s equality, the effectiveness of civil policing and the loss of protection for communities. What are E-Corporation, they are institutions that are managed and are responsible to the stakeholders they are privately or publicly owned and usually dealing technologies. How does E-company translate into the criminal justice world? E-corporations in the criminal justice world usually are comprised of computer technologies that insist on utilizing extremely skilled technicians to maintain its optimal performance. These companies can be compared to companies like Kerpersky who specialize in antivirus software. Like Kerpersky these E-corporation specialized in securing sensitive information privy only to law enforcement. Without the corporations law enforcement agencies would not be able to protect sensitive information from novice hackers. This would compromise any sensitive information collected by law enforcement agencies creating strain on the  entire criminal justice system. Criminal motivational theories include such theories as self-determination theory, in this theory individuals receive more of an intrinsic value by accomplishing the mission. Getting your man or criminal can be a great feeling of accomplishment and very self-motivated. As far as extrinsic alley you I believe the majority of the criminal justice professions have great retirement plans and an individual can work hard towards achieving that goal. Another theory is the goal setting theory this theory applies to the criminal justice field by motivating the individuals to be part of a team and to accomplish the mission they are given regardless on the difficulty of the task I myself find meaningless task and complacent work to be daunting I find myself being bored out of my mind when I am challenged my day goes by so much quicker and at the end of the day I feel more productive as an officer. The final theory I’d like to discuss the two factors theory. In the criminal justice field employees must feel like they have the opportunity to advance their positions within the department or facility otherwise they become unmotivated and jaded. Allowing the chance for advancement within the fields you the employee a sense of satisfaction in achieving higher position. Also ensuring that your employee has job security is a great motivator for individuals to continue excelling at their positions. In conclusion, privatization of criminal justice is an efficient means in reducing recidivism and is cost-efficient it involves rewarding contracts to private companies for policing, incarceration, and other aspects of criminal justice. Militarization is the use of force for the effective ruling of a population. E-corporations in the criminal justice world usually are comprised of computer technologies that insist on utilizing extremely skilled technicians to maintain its optimal performance. All supervisors in the criminal justice field should have a firm grasp on the theories of motivation. Supervisors should maintain these theories to create positive motivation for their subordinates especially in the criminal justice field where rewards are far and few between and the act of self-motivation is imperative to accomplishing the mission. References Benson, B. L. (1996). Privatization in criminal justice. Retrieved from http://heartland.org/sites/all/modules/custom/heartland_migration/files/pdfs/6032.pdf (2014). Organizational Behavior- Chapter 5. Retrieved from https://new.edu/resources/theories-of-motivation–3. Hoban, J. E. (2013). polieone.com . Retrieved from http://www.policeone.com/militarization/articles/6383533-Police-militarization-and-the-Ethical-Warrior/

Fly Away Peter Essay

Throughout ‘Fly Away Peter’ Malouf utilises a variety of literary techniques such as contrast, Imagery, Symbolism and foreshadowing to portray ideas and themes. The title ‘Fly Away Peter’ makes reference to the traditional English nursery rhyme ‘Two Little Dickie Birds’. Moulaf utilises this nursery rhyme to make the connection between themes within ‘Fly Away Peter’ and everyday life. â€Å"Two little dickie birds, Sitting on a wall;† These opening lines of the nursery rhyme introduce two of the main ideas within the novel. The two birds talked about in the nursery rhyme are Peter and Paul. the birds and are a reference to the motif of birds seen throughout the book. The birds are used to symbolise the idea of life being a continuous cycle that carries on regardless of the situation, â€Å"even here, in the thick of the fighting, there were birds†. For Jim the birds symbolised normality and provided a â€Å"private reassurance†. This provided Jim with a sense of normality in the middle of ‘hell’. In the rhyme the wall symbolises the sanctuary. The sanctuary symbolises the ‘garden of Eden’ and Moulaf has used the sanctuary to contrast the war. This is introducing the idea of good versus evil. A variety of techniques are used to introduce the sanctuary. Being a poet, Moulaf has used long flowing descriptions utilising descriptive language such as â€Å"intensely blue† â€Å"tobacco brown† â€Å"flared† and â€Å"piano-wires singing†. These add an extra level to the understanding and the natural beauty of the sanctuary. The sanctuary is also used to introduce another theme of the novel, two planes of live. Within the first sentence Moulaf uses a narrator voice to introduce the setting of the novel. With the Use of Jim being a narrator Moulaf foreshadows the idea of there being two planes of life. â€Å"a clumsy shape had been lifting itself out of an invisible paddock†. The invisible paddock talked about in the first sentence is foreshadowing of the introduction of the two planes of life. Moulaf is also using symbolism. The â€Å"invisible paddock† symbolises the sky, and as later introduced the view from the sky is the second plane of life. Moulaf has used the lines; â€Å"One named Peter, One named Paul† to link the characters of the book to the religious views and ways of living in the 1960’s. In the 1750’s the rhyme ‘Two Little Dickie Birds’ talked of two birds names Jack and Gill, in the early 1900’s the names were changed to the disciples ‘Peter and Paul’. In ‘Fly away Peter’ Moulaf has used this link between the birds name to introduce the religious connections. The bird peter symbioses Jim and Paul symbolises Ashley in the context of ‘Fly away Peter’. Throughout the novel Moulaf uses the literary technique of narration to tell parts of the story. â€Å"The world Jim found himself in†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this narrator figure symbolises God. Jim and Ashley also symbolise angels. This references the first quote Moulaf placed in the front of the novel. The â€Å"divine creature† is an angel. Jim and Ashley are angels incarnated in a huma n form, and the ‘flying away’ is the time on earth and the coming back is the return to heaven. In the novel Jim dies from injuries sustained form a battle, and in this the cycle of his life is complete and he returns to heaven. The lines â€Å"Fly away peter, Fly away Paul† foreshadow Jim and Ashley going to fight in the war. The war is the complete contrast of the Sanctuary. The descriptive language used shows the contrast between the two locations. Moulaf describes the sanctuary using phrases such as â€Å"wooded country beyond† and â€Å"silvery scrub† in comparison to the description of the war; â€Å"The air was tormented† and â€Å"Deadly†. The war is over-run with rats, which are seen as creatures of evil, where as the sanctuary is full of birds which are creatures of the sky. Moulaf also uses the cattle trucks to symbolise how the soldiers were treated. The trucks had a sign which read â€Å"eight horses or forty men† meaning the army treated the soldiers as if they were as replicable as cattle. The cattle trucks also took the cattle to the abattoir, likewise the cattle truck is taking the majority of the soldiers to their death. The rhyme itself is a cycle, the birds fly away and come back again â€Å"Come back Peter! Come back Paul!†. With the religious understanding and interpretation of the novel the coming back is returning to heaven, however the coming back can also be related to the quote at the beginning of the book, where it talks about â€Å"the stone will be our bed†, the returning is being buried in the earth. Moulaf introduces the theme of digging early in the novel, however this motif is used when Jim is dying. During war digging symbolises a grave, and after a long exposure to war Jim assumes digging has to be for a grave â€Å"a grave it must be†. During Jim’s stream of consciousness before his death he meets Clancy, the first hint that Jim has either passed on or is hallucinating. Clancy instructs Jim to dig, â€Å"That’s the style! Dig†. When you are buried you are returned to the earth, and hence returned to the stone. This is part of the continuous cycle of life. The lines â€Å"Come Back Peter! Come Back Paul!† foreshadow the ending of the novel and complete the cycle, which is one of the key themes Moulaf is portraying. Moulaf has used a variety of literary techniques such as contrast, Imagery, Symbolism and foreshadowing to portray ideas and themes throughout ‘Fly Away Peter’. Malouf focuses on the theme the continuous circle of life to illustrate the connection between the novel and life â€Å"the places, the stories of a life that was continuous elsewhere†.

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